Fungal Infections on the Skin: Causes and Symptoms

Fungal infections on the skin causes and symptoms
Fungal skin infections are skin conditions caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts (such as Candida spp.), and some molds. These infections are common and, while they are usually not a serious health risk, they can cause significant discomfort and negatively impact quality of life.


Main Causes


The development of fungal infections on the skin is linked to a combination of environmental, personal, and health-related factors:

Favorable Environmental Conditions
Warm and humid environments promote fungal growth, especially in areas of the body where moisture accumulates, such as the armpits, groin, and feet.
   
Inadequate Hygiene
Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing or neglecting proper hygiene can encourage microorganism growth.
   
Compromised Immune System
Individuals with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, HIV, or those undergoing immunosuppressive treatments are at higher risk of fungal infections.
   
Prolonged Use of Antibiotics
Antibiotics can disrupt the skin’s natural microbiota, creating a favorable environment for fungi.
   
Direct Transmission
Contact with contaminated surfaces or sharing personal items such as towels and footwear can spread the infection.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type of fungus and the affected area but often include:

    •    Persistent, intense itching.
    •    Redness and skin flaking.
    •    Irregular patches (white, reddish, or brown) on the skin.
    •    Cracking or fissures, especially on the feet and hands.
    •    Thickened and discolored nails in the case of onychomycosis.

Common Types of Fungal Infections

Ringworm or Dermatophytosis
   
Affects various body areas, such as the scalp (tinea capitis), feet (tinea pedis or athlete’s foot), and groin (tinea cruris).
Characterized by ring-shaped lesions with raised edges and clearer central areas.

Cutaneous Candidiasis
Caused by Candida albicans, affecting moist areas such as skin folds, armpits, groin, and under the breasts.
   
Tinea Versicolor
Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches caused by Malassezia, common in areas with excessive sweating.
   
Onychomycosis
Nail infection causing thickening, fragility, and discoloration.


Medical Diagnosis


A proper diagnosis is essential to identify the specific type of fungus and determine the appropriate treatment. Common diagnostic methods include:
   
Clinical Examination: Visual inspection of the lesions.
Microscopy and Culture: Skin scrapings or nail samples to confirm the presence of fungus.
Wood’s Lamp: Detects certain infections that fluoresce under ultraviolet light.


Prevention


To avoid fungal infections, it is recommended to:
   
Maintain proper hygiene, ensuring moisture-prone areas are thoroughly dried.
   
Wear ventilated footwear and avoid walking barefoot in public areas.
   
Regularly change socks and underwear.
   
Strengthen the immune system with a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
   
Avoid sharing personal items.


Importance of Early Treatment


Prompt treatment not only alleviates symptoms but also prevents complications and reduces the likelihood of recurrence. If you suspect a fungal infection, consult a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and personalized therapy.

Maintaining healthy skin requires consistent care and the implementation of effective preventive measures.